|
Air - an amount of white space in a layout.
Align - to line up typeset or other graphic material as specified, using a base or vertical line as the reference point.
Artwork - A general term used to describe photographs, drawings, paintings, hand lettering, and the like prepared to illustrate printed matter.
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard format for representing digital information in 8-bit pieces.
Backing up - to print the second side of printed sheet. Also, to make a duplicate of a computer file as a precaution against losing the original.
Banner - a large headline or title extending across the full page width.
Bar code - a pattern of vertical lines of varying thickness identifying details of a product, conforming to the Universal Product Code (UPC).
Binding - the various methods used to secure loose leaves or sections in a book; e.g. saddle-stitch (also called stapling), perfect bound.
Blow up - an enlargement, most frequently of a graphic image or photograph.
Bold type - type with a heavier darker appearance. Most typefaces have a bold face.
Bond - a sized finished writing paper of 50gsm or more. Can also be used for printing upon.
Border - a continuous decorative design or rule surrounding the matter on the page.
Box - a section of text marked off by rules or white space and presented separately from the main text and illustrations. Longer boxed sections in magazines are sometimes referred to as sidebars.
Bullet - a large dot preceding text to add emphasis.
Camera ready - artwork or pasted up material that is ready for reproduction.
Caption - Also called a cut line. The line or lines of text that refer to information identifying a picture or illustration.
Carbonless - paper coated with chemicals and dye which will produce copies without carbon paper. Also referred to as NCR (No Carbon Required).
Case bound - a hardback book made with stiff outer covers.
CMYK - cyan, yellow, magenta, black. The subtractive primaries, or process colors, used in color printing.
Coated - printing papers which after making have had a surface coating with clay etc, to give a smoother, more even finish with greater opacity.
Collate - to gather separate sections or leaves of a book together in the correct order for binding.
Color correction - The process of adjusting an image to compensate for scanner deficiencies or for the characteristics of the output device.
Color proof - A representation of what the final printed composition will look like. The resolution and quality of different types of color can vary greatly.
Color transparency - A photographic image transparent film used as artwork. 35 mm, 4"x5" and 8"x10" formats are commonly used.
Column rule - a light faced vertical rule used to separate columns of type.
Concertina fold - a method of folding in which each fold opens in the opposite direction to its neighbors, giving a concertina or pleated effect.
Condensed - a style of typeface in which the characters have a vertically elongated appearance.
Crop marks - lines printed showing the dimensions of the final printed page. These marks are used for final trimming.
Cropping - the elimination of parts of a photograph or other original that are not required to be printed. Cropping allows the remaining parts of the image to be enlarged to fill the space.
Cursive - used to describe typefaces that resemble written script.
Die Cutting - The process of using sharp steel rules to cut special shapes into printed sheets.
Digital - Files for printing that are produced on the computer.
Display type - larger type used for headings etc. Normally about 18 point or larger.
DPI - Dots per inch. A measure of output resolution produced by printers, image setters, or monitors.
Double page spread - two facing pages of newspaper or magazine where the textual material on the left hand side continues across to the right hand side. Abbreviated to DPS.
Dummy - a sketch of a page showing the position of text and illustrations and giving general instructions.
EPS - Encapsulated PostScript. A file format used to transfer PostScript image information from one program to another. The preferred file format for saving images, as it is resolution independent, as opposed to TIFF.
Estimate - A price provided to a customer, based on the specifications outlined on the estimate form. It is normally sent prior to entry of an order and prices may change if the order specifications are not the same as the estimate specifications.
Face - an abbreviation for typeface referring to a family in a given style.
Final Proof - once called a "Blue line" this is now a digitally generated full color proof.
Font - or typeface. A complete set of characters in a typeface.
Four color process - The four basic colors of ink (CMYK--yellow, magenta, cyan, and black) which reproduce full-color photographs or art.
French fold - a sheet which has been printed on one side only and then folded with two right angle folds to form a four page uncut section.
Full measure - a line of type set to the entire line length.
Gatefold - an oversize page where both sides fold into the gutter in overlapping layers. Used to accommodate maps into books.
Grayscale - a range of luminance values for evaluating shading through white to black. Also, a term used when referring to a black and white photograph.
Hairline rule - the thinnest rule that can be printed. Hairline rules do not print well. Half-point rules are strongly recommended.
Halftone - an illustration reproduced by breaking down the original tone into a pattern of dots of varying size. Light areas have small dots and darker areas or shadows have larger dots. Simulating a continuous tone photograph using dots.
Hanging punctuation - punctuation that is allowed to fall outside the margins instead of staying within the measure of the text. This is now seldom used in desktop publishing.
Hardback - a case bound book with a separate stiff board cover.
Image Setter - A device used to output a computer image or composition at high resolution onto photographic paper or film.
Imposition - refers to the arrangement of pages on a printed sheet, which when the sheet is finally printed on both sides, folded and trimmed, will place the pages in their correct order.
Imprint - the name and place of the publisher and printer required by law if a publication is to be published. Sometimes accompanied by codes indicating the quantity printed, month/year of printing and an internal control number.
Insert - an instruction to the printer for the inclusion of additional copy.
ISBN - International Standard Book Number. A reference number given to every published work. Usually found on the back of the title page.
Kraft paper - a tough brown paper used for packing.
Laminate - a thin transparent plastic coating applied to paper or board to provide protection and give it a glossy finish.
Layout - the final composed pages.
Lead or leading - Space added between lines of type to space out text and provide visual separation of the lines. Measured in points or fractions thereof. Named after the strips of lead which used to be inserted between lines of metal type.
Legend - the descriptive matter printed below an illustration, mostly referred to as a cut line or caption. Also an explanation of signs or symbols used in timetables or maps.
Letterpress - a relief printing process in which a raised image is inked to produce an impression; the impression is then transferred by placing paper against image and applying pressure.
Linen tester - a magnifying glass designed for checking the dot image of a halftone.
Lines per inch (lpi) - a measure of the frequency of a halftone screen (usually ranging from 55-200). 150 lpi is the standard printing resolution. Fewer lines per inch are often used for printing on newsprint or low quality paper.
Logo - short for logotype. A word or combination of letters set as a single unit. Also used to denote a specially styled company name designed as part of a corporate image.
Loose leaf - a method of binding which allows the insertion and removal of pages for continuous updating.
Machine glazed (MG) - paper with a high gloss finish on one side only.
Magnetic ink - a magnetized ink that can be read both by humans and by electronic machines. Used in check printing.
Masthead - details of publisher and editorial staff usually printed on the contents page.
Measure - denotes column width, expressed in picas.
Mock-up - or layout dummy. The rough visual of a publication or design.
Monitor calibration - The process of correcting the color settings of a monitor to match selected colors of printed output.
Montage - a single image formed from the assembling of several images.
MS (Manuscript) - the original written or typewritten work of an author submitted for publication.
Newsprint - Low quality, absorbent paper used for printing newspapers.
Over - additional paper required to compensate for spoilage in printing. Also used to refer to a quantity produced above the number of copies ordered.
Page proof - Initial output to proofing printer. The best stage for identifying and correcting mistakes, typos and other problems.
PageMaker - a common desktop publishing software.
Pagination - the numbering of pages in a book.
Pantone Matching System - a registered name for an ink color matching system, usually abbreviated PMS.
Perfect binding -An inexpensive bookbinding technique in which the pages are glued rather than sewn to the cover and used primarily for paperbacks, small manuals, phone books, guides, event guides, etc.
Pica - a printing industry unit of measurement. There are 12 points to a pica. Originally, one pica was approximately 0.166in. Now, in the era of computerization, a pica is 1/6 of an inch.
Pixel - The smallest distinct unit of a bitmapped image displayed on a screen.
Point - one point equals a thousandth of an inch.
Portrait - an upright image or page where the height is greater than the width.
Positive - a true photographic image of the original made on paper or film.
Primary colors - cyan, magenta and yellow. These three colors when mixed together with black will produce a reasonable reproduction of all other colors.
Process colors - See four color process.
Production coordinator - A person who follows the print job through every step of the process and in general acts as a liaison between Printing Services and the customer.
Proofreading - To read and mark typesetting corrections in written matter.
Proofreading marks - a standard set of signs and symbols used in copy preparation and to indicate corrections on proofs. Marks are placed both in the text and in the margin with a line connecting them.
Rasterization - The process of converting mathematical and digital information (vector commands) into a series of dots by an output device.
Raster image processor (RIP) - the hardware engine which calculates the bit-mapped image of text and graphics from a series of instructions. Most RIPs operate on PostScript.
Ream - 500 sheets of paper.
Resolution - the measurement used in typesetting to express quality of output. Measured in dots per inch, the greater the number of dots, the smoother and cleaner appearance the character/image will have. Photographs need to be scanned at a resolution of 300 dots per inch. Screen resolution is 72 dots per inch and something that looks wonderful on your computer screen or on the Internet will look terrible when printed.
Retouching - a means of altering artwork or color separations to correct faults or enhance the image.
RGB - red, green, blue. The additive primary colors used for computer monitor displays; also a color model. Cannot be used for printing. All RGB files must be changed to CMYK to be printed.
Saddle stitching - a method of binding where the folded pages are stitched through the spine from the outside, using wire staples. Usually limited to 64 pages size.
Saturation - the amount of gray in a color. The higher the gray content, the lower the saturation.
Scanning - Using a scanner to digitize images to be manipulated, output or stored on a computer.
Screen frequency - the number of lines or dots per inch on a halftone screen.
Section - a printed sheet folded to make a multiple of pages.
Security paper - paper incorporating special features (dyes, watermarks etc) for use on checks.
Sheet - a single piece of paper.
Sheet fed - a printing press which prints single sheets of paper, not reels.
Spell check - a facility contained in word processing and page makeup programs to enable a spelling error check to be carried out.
Spot Color - An ink color, The ink is usually Pantone Matching System (PMS) consisting of named or numbered colors. PMS is generally accepted throughout the printing and graphic arts industry as the standard.
Stock Art - Copyright-free photos.
Stripping - the preparation and assembling of film prior to plate making.
Style sheet - a collection of tags specifying page layout styles, paragraph settings and type specifications which can be set up by the user and saved for use in other documents.
Swash letters - italic characters with extra flourishes used at the beginning of chapters.
Swatch - a color sample.
Tabloid - 11" x 17" - a page half the size of a broadsheet, or twice the size of a sheet of standard typing paper.
Tabular setting - text set in columns such as timetables.
Tags - the various formats which make up a style sheet- paragraph settings, margins and columns, page layouts, hyphenation and justification, widow and orphan control and automatic section numbering.
Template - a standard layout usually containing basic details of the page dimensions.
Text wrap - see Runaround.
Text - the written or printed material which forms the main body of a publication.
Text type - typefaces used for the main text of written material. Generally no larger than 14 point in size.
TIFF - a common format for scanned photographs.
Tint - the effect of adding white to a solid color or of screening a solid area.
Transparency - a full color photographically produced image on transparent film.
Twin wire - paper which has an identical smooth finish on both sides.
Typo - an abbreviation for typographical error. An error in the typeset copy
Universal Copyright Convention UCC - gives protection to authors or originators of text, photographs or illustrations, diagrams and all other related original work copyrighted by an individual, etc to prevent use without permission or acknowledgment. The publication should carry the copyright mark, the name of the originator and the year of publication.
Vignette - a small illustration in a book not enclosed in a definite border.
Web - a continuous roll of printing paper used on web-fed presses.
Weight - the degree of boldness or thickness of a letter or font.
Widow - a single word left on the last line of a paragraph which falls at the top of a page.
Wire - the wire mesh used at the wet end of the paper making process. The wire determines the textures of the paper.
Wire stitching - see saddle or side stitching.
Xerography - a photocopying/printing process in which the image is formed using the electrostatic charge principle. The toner replaces ink and can be dry or liquid. Once formed, the image is sealed by heat.
|
